µ¿¿µ»ó°­ÁÂ
  CF·Î ¹è¿ì´Â¿µ¾î
  »ýÈ°¼ÓÇ¥Çö
  ¿µ¾î´º½º
  ¿Àµð¿À*ºñµð¿À ¼ö¾÷
  ¿À´ÃÀÇ µ¿¿µ»ó
  °­»ç°¡ µé·ÁÁÖ´Â ±ÝÁÖÀÇ ¸í¾ð
Ȩ > Ä¿¹Â´ÏƼ > ¿À´ÃÀÇ µ¿¿µ»ó   
 
Why do we hiccup?
°ü¸®ÀÚ 2020-12-23 ¿ÀÈÄ 3:00:57 3465

 

Description: 

The longest recorded case of hiccups lasted for 68 years ¡¦ and was caused 

by a falling hog. While that level of severity is extremely uncommon, most of 

us are no stranger to an occasional case of the hiccups. But what causes these 

¡®hics¡¯ in the first place? John Cameron takes us into the diaphragm to find out. 

 

Transcription:

Charles Osborne began to hiccup in 1922 after a hog fell on top of him. 

He wasn't cured until 68 years later and is now listed by Guinness as the world

record holder for hiccup longevity. Meanwhile, Florida teen Jennifer Mee may

hold the record for the most frequent hiccups, 50 times per minute for more

than four weeks in 2007. So what causes hiccups? Doctors point out that

a round of hiccups often follows from stimuli that stretch the stomach,

like swallowing air or too rapid eating or drinking. Others associate hiccups with

intense emotions or a response to them: laughing, sobbing, anxiety, 

and excitement. Let's look at what happens when we hiccup. It begins with

an involuntary spasm or sudden contraction of the diaphragm, the large 

dome-shaped muscle below our lungs that we use to inhale air. 

This is followed almost immediately by the sudden closure of the vocal chords 

and the opening between them, which is called the glottis. The movement of 

the diaphragm initiates a sudden intake of air, but the closure of the vocal 

chords stops it from entering the wind pipe and reaching the lungs. 

It also creates the characteristic sound: "hic." To date, there is no known

function for hiccups. They don't seem to provide any medical or physiological 

advantage. Why begin to inhale air only to suddenly stop it from actually

entering the lungs? Anatomical structures, or physiological mechanisms, 

with no apparent purpose present challenges to evolutionary biologists. 

Do such structures serve some hidden function that hasn't yet been 

discovered? Or are they relics of our evolutionary past, having once served 

some important purpose only to persist into the present as vestigial remnants?

One idea is that hiccups began many millions of years before the appearance 

of humans. The lung is thought to have evolved as a structure to allow early 

fish, many of which lived in warm, stagnant water with little oxygen, to take

advantage of the abundant oxygen in the air overhead. When descendants

of these animals later moved onto land, they moved from gill-based ventilation

to air-breathing with lungs. That's similar to the much more rapid changes faced

by frogs today as they transition from tadpoles with gills to adults with lungs. 

This hypothesis suggests that the hiccup is a relic of the ancient transition

from water to land. An inhalation that could move water over gills followed by 

a rapid closure of the glottis preventing water from entering the lungs. 

That's supported by evidence which suggests that the neural patterning 

involved in generating a hiccup is almost identical to that responsible for 

respiration in amphibians. Another group of scientists believe that the reflex

is retained in us today because it actually provides an important advantage. 

They point out that true hiccups are found only in mammals and that they're

not retained in birds, lizards, turtles, or any other exclusively air-breathing 

animals. Further, hiccups appear in human babies long before birth and are 

far more common in infants that adults. Their explanation for this involves the

uniquely mammalian activity of nursing. The ancient hiccup reflex may have

been adapted by mammals to help remove air from the stomach as a sort of

glorified burp. The sudden expansion of the diaphragm would raise air from the

stomach, while a closure of the glottis would prevent milk from entering the 

lungs. Sometimes, a bout of hiccups will go on and on, and we try home

remedies: sipping continuously from a glass of cold water, holding one's

breath, a mouthful of honey or peanut butter, breathing into a paper bag,

or being suddenly frightened. Unfortunately, scientists have yet to verify

that any one cure works better or more consistently than others. However,

we do know one thing that definitely doesn't work. 

 

Questions: 

1. Who has the longest recorded case of hiccups? What caused it?

2. Detail what causes huccups? What happens when we hiccup? 

3. What do scientists say about hiccups? Explain the two hypothesis of hiccup.


÷ºÎÆÄÀÏ Uploaded File : 2020122315057_T5E7Q.jpg  
What If The Sun Disappeared?
How To Treat Mild Coronavirus Symptoms From Home