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How Salt Melts Snow
°ü¸®ÀÚ 2023-02-21 ¿ÀÈÄ 5:21:02 11346

                                 How Salt Melts Snow




During heavy snowfalls, roads and pavements can freeze over, and the icy surface can become dangerous. To combat this potential problem, cities and towns use a combination of substances that can melt snow and ice.

Interestingly, road salt* is one of the most effective substances to clear streets and sidewalks in winter. It is composed of sodium chloride,* a common mineral found throughout Earth. It is also the same mineral found in the table salt that gets added to our food.

Road salt acts upon ice and snow by lowering the freezing point of water, which is 0 degrees Celsius. At freezing temperatures, water turns into ice because the bond between its hydrogen particles strengthens and gets arranged into crystalline structures.

When salt gets applied, however, the sodium chloride dissolves into separate sodium and chloride ions.* These ions then get between the hydrogen bonds and disrupt the freezing process. Due to this disruption, it takes a lower temperature for the water to freeze.

That said, it is best to put sodium chloride on roads and pavements before snow arrives. If it is placed afterward, the separated ions cannot easily mix in between the water molecules to lower the freezing point.

Also, sodium chloride is only effective up to a certain point. When temperatures fall below negative 9 degrees Celsius, stronger salt solutions such as magnesium chloride* or calcium chloride* are needed to melt the ice. These stronger solutions are composed of a larger number of ions, and this gives them more power to disrupt the bonds between water molecules.

Questions:
1. What do cities and towns do to combat problems during heavy snowfalls?
2. What are road salt composed of?
3. How does road salt works in melding ice?
4. What are stronger solutions composed of?

5. While the salt solutions are effective, can they also bring another type of danger in the process? What could it be? 


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